You could install Fedora Linux alongside Windows but that’s a bit of an effort. Try the SAS or SATA options first, then SCSI, and finally IDE if nothing else works.If you are curious about Fedora Linux, there are several ways to try it. You might have to think about which of those controller types existed back in year 2014 when that version of Ubuntu was released: trying NVMe or modern VirtIO options with such an old virtual appliance is probably going to be futile. There are several virtual hard disk controller options in VirtualBox. You might have to switch to a different virtual hard disk controller type in VirtualBox settings for this VM.

The virtual hard disk controller the VirtualBox provides to the VM is probably currently of a type that is too new, so the virtual Ubuntu 14.04 won't recognize it. If you just added the virtual disk image into a VirtualBox VM configured for a modern version of Ubuntu, no wonder it did not work! Typically, such virtual appliances come with recommended settings for the virtualization software. The kernel version 3.13.0-32-generic indicates this virtual appliance is based on a rather old version of Ubuntu: according to this answer on AskUbuntu.SE, this kernel version belonged to Ubuntu 14.04. The message 'Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0)' means essentially 'I don't even know what kind of disk the root filesystem is supposed to be on.' If the end of message said something other than unknown-block(0,0), then it would mean 'I found the device that is supposed to contain the root filesystem, but I do not understand the contents, maybe there's something wrong with it?' This is generally what happens when a Linux kernel fails to find a root filesystem.

Virtualbox ubuntu kernel panic